In this chapter, you will read about
The belief of the oneness of Allah
and belief of Risalah in the form of short questions and answers in
addition to the explanation of some necessary terminologies about beliefs
Imaniyaat (faith)
Here are some necessary terminologies about beliefs
Iman (faith)
Question 1: What is Iman?
Answer: A dictionary definition of the word ‘Iman’ is to affirm (i.e. to believe something to be true).
(Tafseer Qurtubi, vol. 1, pp. 147) Another literal meaning of ‘Iman’ is to bring peace. As the believer
brings peace and protection for himself from eternal punishment by embracing correct
beliefs, hence the embracing of correct beliefs is called Iman. (Tafseer-e-Na’eemi, vol. 1-3, pp. 120)
In terminology of Shar’iah, Iman means to affirm wholeheartedly all those things which are
considered to be Zaruriyat-e-Deen
Disbelief
Question 2: What is the meaning of disbelief?
Answer: Disbelief literally means to hide something. (Al-Mufridat, pp. 433) In Shar’i
terms, denial of even a single essential of Islam is called disbelief even though
he affirms all other essentials of Islam.
For example: If any person affirms all essentials of Islam but denies the obligation of Salah or finality of
Nubuwwah, he is a disbeliever because affirming the obligation of Salah and believing the Blessed and
Beloved Muhammad to be the Last Nabi are from the essentials of Islam
Essentials of Islam
Question 3: What are the essentials of Islam?
Answer: Essentials of Islam mean those Islamic commandments which are known to every ordinary as
well as special Muslim individual. These include, for example, Oneness of Allah Nubuwwah of Ambiya 89, Salah, Sawm [م
ۡ
و
َص ,[Hajj, Heaven, Hell, Resurrection and
accountability etc. Believing that the Blessed and Beloved Nabi Muhammad is
the Last Nabi and no Nabi will come after him is also from the essentials of Islam.
Question 4: What is meant by every ordinary and special Muslim individual?
Answer: ‘Special people’ here mean Islamic scholars whereas ‘ordinary people’ mean public. Ordinary
people actually mean those Muslims who are not classed as scholars but who keep the
company of scholars and are interested in learning Islamic rulings. ‘Ordinary people’ does not
mean those who live in far-flung regions and remote jungles and mountains and are unable toAnswer: ‘Special people’ here mean Islamic scholars whereas ‘ordinary people’ mean public. Ordinary
people actually mean those Muslims who are not classed as scholars but who keep the
company of scholars and are interested in learning Islamic rulings. ‘Ordinary people’ does not
mean those who live in far-flung regions and remote jungles and mountains and are unable to recite even the Kalimah correctly. If such people are unaware of any essential of Islam, it will
not turn into an inessential due to their unawareness. For such people to become Muslim, it is
essential that they do not deny any of the essentials of Islam. They must have the belief that all
Islamic teachings are true. They must embrace all Islamic beliefs as a whole.
Question 5: What is the ruling for the person who denies the essentials of Islam?
Answer: The person who denies or even slightly doubts the essentials of Islam is certainly a disbeliever.
Anyone who doubts the disbelief of such a person is also a disbeliever.
(Fatawa Razawiyyah, vol. 29, pp. 413)
Essentials of ‘Ahl-e-Sunnah school of thought’
Question 6: What is meant by the essentials of ‘Ahl-e-Sunnah school of thought’?
Answer: The essentials which all ordinary as well as special people of the Ahl-e-Sunnah know to be
from the essentials of the Ahl-e-Sunnah are referred to as the essentials of the ‘Ahl-e-Sunnah
school of thought’. For example, torment in the grave, weighing of deeds etc.
(Nuzhat-ul-Qaari
Sharh Sahih Bukhari, vol. 1, pp. 239)
Question 7: What is the ruling for the one who denies the essentials of the ‘Ahl-eSunnah school of thought’?
Answer: One who denies the essentials of the ‘Ahl-e-Sunnah school of thought’ is a deviant holding corrupt beliefs. (Fatawa Razawiyyah, vol. 29, pp. 414)
Polytheism
Question 8: What does polytheism [i.e. Shirk] mean?
Answer: Polytheism means believing anyone other than Allah to be ‘د ۡ و ُ ج ُ و ۡ ِجبُ ال وا] ‘Wajib-ul-Wujood] or worthy to be worshipped. That is to say, believing someone to be a partner of Allah in divinity is polytheism which is the worst form of disbelief. Except for it, any type of disbelief – however severe it is – cannot be declared to be polytheism. (Bahar-e-Shari’at, vol. 1, pp. 183)
Wajib-ul-Wujood
Question 9: What does the term ‘Wajib-ul-Wujood’ mean?
Answer: Wajib-ul-Wujood is the Being whose existence is essential and whose non-existence is impossible. In other words, that Being has always existed and will continue to exist forever and is immortal. No one has created Him. He has created all. He has existed all by Himself. He is only Allah
Hypocrisy
Question 10: What is the definition of hypocrisy?
Answer: Accepting Islam verbally and denying it in the heart is termed hypocrisy. This is also a kind of pure disbelief. The bottom of Hell is for these types of people. During the visible lifetime of the Greatest Rasool Answer: Accepting Islam verbally and denying it in the heart is termed hypocrisy. This is also a kind of pure disbelief. The bottom of Hell is for these types of people. During the visible lifetime of the Greatest Rasool Their inner disbelief was described in the Holy Quran. Moreover, by means of the Divinelybestowed vast knowledge, the Renowned and Revered Rasool recognized each of them and declared them hypocrites by pointing out their names. In the present era, it is not possible to declare a particular person hypocrite with certainty. If a person claims to have embraced Islam, we will consider him to be a Muslim for as long as he does not say or do anything which is contrary to [i.e. against] Iman. In the present age, however, a group of hypocrites is found. Many people holding corrupt beliefs call themselves to be Muslims but they deny many essentials of Islam. (Bahar-e-Shari’at, vol. 1, pp. 182)
Murtad
Question 11: Who is called Murtad?
Answer: Murtad is the person who had embraced Islam or was already a Muslim but then denies anything which is from the essentials of Islam, i.e. uttering words of disbelief without any valid justification. Similarly, if a person does certain acts such as prostrating in front of idols or throwing the Glorious Quran at filth, he becomes disbeliever. (Bahar-e-Shari’at, vol. 2, pp. 455)
Question 7: What is the ruling for the one who denies the essentials of the ‘Ahl-eSunnah school of thought’?
Answer: One who denies the essentials of the ‘Ahl-e-Sunnah school of thought’ is a deviant holding corrupt beliefs. (Fatawa Razawiyyah, vol. 29, pp. 414)
Polytheism
Question 8: What does polytheism [i.e. Shirk] mean?
Answer: Polytheism means believing anyone other than Allah to be ‘د ۡ و ُ ج ُ و ۡ ِجبُ ال وا] ‘Wajib-ul-Wujood] or worthy to be worshipped. That is to say, believing someone to be a partner of Allah in divinity is polytheism which is the worst form of disbelief. Except for it, any type of disbelief – however severe it is – cannot be declared to be polytheism. (Bahar-e-Shari’at, vol. 1, pp. 183)
Wajib-ul-Wujood
Question 9: What does the term ‘Wajib-ul-Wujood’ mean?
Answer: Wajib-ul-Wujood is the Being whose existence is essential and whose non-existence is impossible. In other words, that Being has always existed and will continue to exist forever and is immortal. No one has created Him. He has created all. He has existed all by Himself. He is only Allah
Hypocrisy
Question 10: What is the definition of hypocrisy?
Answer: Accepting Islam verbally and denying it in the heart is termed hypocrisy. This is also a kind of pure disbelief. The bottom of Hell is for these types of people. During the visible lifetime of the Greatest Rasool Answer: Accepting Islam verbally and denying it in the heart is termed hypocrisy. This is also a kind of pure disbelief. The bottom of Hell is for these types of people. During the visible lifetime of the Greatest Rasool Their inner disbelief was described in the Holy Quran. Moreover, by means of the Divinelybestowed vast knowledge, the Renowned and Revered Rasool recognized each of them and declared them hypocrites by pointing out their names. In the present era, it is not possible to declare a particular person hypocrite with certainty. If a person claims to have embraced Islam, we will consider him to be a Muslim for as long as he does not say or do anything which is contrary to [i.e. against] Iman. In the present age, however, a group of hypocrites is found. Many people holding corrupt beliefs call themselves to be Muslims but they deny many essentials of Islam. (Bahar-e-Shari’at, vol. 1, pp. 182)
Murtad
Question 11: Who is called Murtad?
Answer: Murtad is the person who had embraced Islam or was already a Muslim but then denies anything which is from the essentials of Islam, i.e. uttering words of disbelief without any valid justification. Similarly, if a person does certain acts such as prostrating in front of idols or throwing the Glorious Quran at filth, he becomes disbeliever. (Bahar-e-Shari’at, vol. 2, pp. 455)
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